His birth name was Nuhim Meerovitch Kramer. While studying at the private male gymnasium "I. Rappoport" ni Odessa, he learned about the ideas of Zionism and became one of the organizers of the local branch of the HeHalutz organization. After graduating the high school ni 1917, he participated in the self-defense of Jews in Odessa riots during the Civil War (1917-1920). In 1921, he married Shoshan Goldberg and in the same year emigrated to Palestine, which was under English rule. He worked on road construction, then on agricultural work, and eventually settled in Menachemia. He was a member of the Union of Agricultural Workers of Lower Galilee. He went through military training and continued his career at the Haganah, first at command positions in Lower Gali- lee and in the vicinity of Galilee Lake. In 1939, he was investigated for "extrajudicial punishment" and acquitted by a British court. In 1941, he was appointed commander of the military district of Jerusalem. After the end of World WarII, he was an emissary of the Haganah in Europe, returned to Israel in 1948, and was appointed vice-president ofthe military tribunal. In 1953, he became the second president of the Israeli Military Court of Appeal. After demobilization, he became head of the Mapai Party's Investigation Department. His son is the Israeli military leader, Colonel Issahar Shadmi.