In 1998, he was decorated with the title of Citizen of Honor of Tallinn city. In 2002, he was decorated with the Order of 3rd degree Estonian Red Cross. In 1951, he graduated the Medical Institute of Chernovtsi, where he was accor- dionist in the jazz band of the institute. He was referred to work in Estonia. During 1962-1968, he was therapist chief of Tallinn city. During 1968-1991, he was therapist chief of the Ministry of Health of the Estonian Socialist Soviet Republic. In the same period, i.e. 1967-1996, he admi- nistered the gastroenterology department at theInstitute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine of Tallinn; in 1996, he was counsellor of the institute. During 1982-1993 - scientific director of the Regional Center of the World Health Organization (WHO) of Estonia. During 1970-1995 - president of the Scientific Society of Therapistsof Estonia. Editor of the general department of the Big Medical Encyclopedia (3rd edition), member of edition committees of the journals Therapeutic Archives (Moscow) and Gastroenterology (Dushanbe). He published since 1955. He is the author of over 280 scientific publications on internal and infectious diseases, gastroenterology, medical deontology and ethics, iatrogenesis and history of medicine, including the monographs published repeatedly Dialogues about medicine and errors in gastroenterological practice.