Suzana Herculano-Houzel is a Brazilian-born neuroscientist currently working as an Associate Professor at Vanderbilt University, where her lab investigates the extent and limitations of brain diversity, how brain diversity arose in evolution, and what difference it makes that brains are different. Currently, her main interest is the intersection between brain metabolism, growth, development, sleep, cognition, and lifespan.She is renowned for her revolutionary research in quantifying the number of neurons in brains of various species, challenging long-held assumptions about brain organization. Her innovative method of brain tissue analysis has provided new insights into the relationship between brain size, neuron density, and cognitive abilities across different animals.